Insects can tolerate a wide range of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Some insects can survive several days in the absence of oxygen by reducing their metabolic rates and utilizing the oxygen stored in their tissues. Other insec...

Chemical agents that cause injuries to insects are chemical insecticides and toxins or poisons produced by plants and microorganisms.

When insects are po...

Injuries by Physical agents

The common physical agents that cause injuries are: too high or too low temperature, high or low level of humidity, radiation, oxygen and carbon ...

Insects require certain amount of moisture in their environment just as they need certain degrees of warmth. Actually the requirements of insects for moisture is closely correlated to that of temperature. Moisture alone, n...

Some insects can withstand extremely low temperatures, even below freezing point of water, to as low as -20°C.

Insects can be separated into three categories depending on their cold-hardiness:

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Non-infectious diseases

The non-infectious diseases are those in which no living micro-organism is involved. Such diseases are often considered as injuries caused by:

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Light affects insects in correlation with temperature and humidity. Direct sunshine may injure or kill an exposed insect largely because of heat and desiccation. Ultraviolet and infrared radiations, electric shocks, and supersoni...

After you have had your colony or individual roaches for a while, you may begin to notice tiny light-colored creatures crawling on the cockroaches. Similar to dogs getting fleas, the Madagascar hissing cockroaches sometimes carri...

The Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) is approximately 5 to 10 centimetres long and weighs 7 to 25 grams. The roach is heavily sclerotized, giving it a brownish or black colour over ...

The Madagascar hissing cockroach is an opportunistic feeder, often utilizing ripened fruits that fall to the rainforest floor in Madagascar. This fruit will provide much of the moisture required for the cockroach; however,...

Temperature: if you want make cockroaches happy keep temperature between 29 - 32ºC.

Humidity: humidity level should be between 60 - 70%.

Substrate: The best c...